Análisis histórico del origen de la ecuación de Dirac, a partir de su relación con la estructura fina del hidrógeno.

Duarte Bernal, Joan Leonardo

Análisis histórico del origen de la ecuación de Dirac, a partir de su relación con la estructura fina del hidrógeno.

dc.contributor.advisor	Cruz Bonilla, Yesid Javier	spa
dc.contributor.author	Duarte Bernal, Joan Leonardo
dc.date.accessioned	2024-06-25T15:31:29Z
dc.date.available	2024-06-25T15:31:29Z
dc.date.issued	2024
dc.description.abstract	En el presente trabajo de grado se realiza un análisis histórico del origen de la ecuación de Dirac a partir del fenómeno de la estructura fina del átomo de hidrógeno. Este análisis establece un vínculo entre el contexto histórico, los aspectos conceptuales, y los resultados experimentales y matemáticos obtenidos por los físicos de finales del siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX, en relación con la necesidad de una ecuación como la de Dirac. Gracias a esto, se genera una aproximación a una ecuación relativista de la mecánica cuántica, específicamente a la deducida por Paul Dirac. Permitiendo acercar al lector, a uno de los fenómenos de desdoblamiento presentes en los niveles de energía del átomo de hidrógeno, así como al estudio del espín del electrón desde una perspectiva relativista.	spa
dc.description.abstractenglish	In this work, a historical analysis of the origin of the Dirac equation is conducted, based on the phenomenon of the fine structure of the hydrogen atom. This analysis establishes a connection between the historical context, the conceptual aspects, and the experimental and mathematical results obtained by physicists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in relation to the need for an equation like Dirac's. This generates an approximation to a relativistic equation in quantum mechanics, specifically the one deduced by Paul Dirac. It allows the reader to approach one of the phenomena of splitting present in the energy levels of the hydrogen atom, as well as the study of electron spin from a relativistic perspective.	eng
dc.description.degreelevel	Pregrado	spa
dc.description.degreename	Licenciado en Física	spa
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	spa
dc.identifier.instname	instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacional	spa
dc.identifier.reponame	reponame:Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional	spa
dc.identifier.repourl	repourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/19815
dc.language.iso	spa	spa
dc.publisher	Universidad Pedagógica Nacional	spa
dc.publisher.faculty	Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología	spa
dc.publisher.program	Licenciatura en Física	spa
dc.relation.references	A.Herman, & K.Meyenn. (22 de Noviembre de 1979). Wolfang Pauli scientific correspondence with BOHR, EINSTEIN,HEISENBERG U.A (Vols. 1:1919-1929). Hamburgo: Springer-Verlag. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-540-78798-3	spa
dc.relation.references	A.Sommerfeld. (1916a). Zur Quantentheorie der Spektrallinien. Annalen der Physik(17). https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19163561702	spa
dc.relation.references	A.Sommerfeld. (1916b). The fine structure of Hydrogen and Hydrogen-like lines. the european physical journal. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2013-40054-0	spa
dc.relation.references	A.Sommerfeld. (1919). Atomic structure and spectral lines (Tercera ed., Vol. 1). Traduccion del aleman por Henry L.Brose. Methuen Publishing.	spa
dc.relation.references	A.Sommerfeld. (1926). The collected papers of albert einstein-Universidad de princeton. Volume 15: The Berlin Years: Writings & Correspondence, June 1925-May 1927. (English Translation Supplement): https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol15-trans/377	spa
dc.relation.references	A.Sommerfeld. (1940). Zur Feinstruktur der Wasserstofflinien. Geschichte und gegenwärtiger Stand der Theorie. Naturwissenschaften 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01490583	spa
dc.relation.references	Abhang, R. Y. (2005). Making introductory quantum physics understandable and interesting. Maharashlra, india.	spa
dc.relation.references	Abraham Pais, M. J. (1998). PAUL DIRAC THE MAN AND HIS WORK. Cambridge University Press.	spa
dc.relation.references	Albert A. Michelson. (1892). On the Application of Interference Methods to Spectroscopic Measurements II. Philosophical Magazine. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786449208620318	spa
dc.relation.references	Angstrom, A. (1861). Ueber die Fraunhofer'schen Linien im Sonnenspectrum. annalen der physik. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18621931007	spa
dc.relation.references	Arthur Compton. (1926). X-Rays in theory and experiment. D Van Nostrand Company Ltd New York.	spa
dc.relation.references	Atkins, P. (2006). Physical Chemistry. W.H. Freeman.	spa
dc.relation.references	Ayala, M. M. (2006). Los anlisis histrico criticos y la recontextualizacion de saberes cientificos.	spa
dc.relation.references	Balmer, J. J. (1885). Nota sobre las líneas espectrales del hidrógeno. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 548-560. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42693#page/560/mode/1up	spa
dc.relation.references	Beléndez, A. (24 de Julio de 2017). Sommerfeld: el eterno candidato al Nobel. OpenMind BBVA: https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/ciencia/grandes-personajes/sommerfeld-el-eterno-candidato-al-nobel/	spa
dc.relation.references	Biedenharn, L. C. (1982). The "Sommerfeld Puzzle" Revisited and Resolved. Foundations of Physics, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01889408	spa
dc.relation.references	Bohr, N. (1913). On the constitution of atoms and molecules. Philosophical Magazine Series 6. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786441308634955	spa
dc.relation.references	Bohr, N. (1915). On the series spectrum of hydrogen and the structure of the atom. Philosophical Magazine. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786440208635311	spa
dc.relation.references	Brown, R. G. (2007). Thomas Precession. Duke University: https://webhome.phy.duke.edu/~rgb/Class/phy319/phy319/node134.html	spa
dc.relation.references	Bucher, M. (2008). Rise and premature fall of the old quantum theory. Physics Dept., Cal. State Univ.: https://arxiv.org/pdf/0802.1366.pdf	spa
dc.relation.references	Carretero, J. A. (2013). Dirac. La antimateria. El reflejo oscuro de la materia. Villatuerta: Editec.	spa
dc.relation.references	Chodos, A. (2010). This Month in Physics History: October 18, 1933: Louis de Broglie elected to Academy. AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY. https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201010/physicshistory.cfm	spa
dc.relation.references	Commins, E. D. (2012). Electron Spin and Its History. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102711-094908	spa
dc.relation.references	Compton, A. H. (1923). A Quantum Theory of the Scattering of X-rays by Light Elements. Phys. Rev., 21(5). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.21.483	spa
dc.relation.references	Dalitz, R. (2022). cerncourier. Paul Dirac: a genius in the history of physics: https://cerncourier.com/a/paul-dirac-a-genius-in-the-history-of-physics/	spa
dc.relation.references	Darrigol, O. (1992). From c-Numbers to q- Numbers. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS.	spa
dc.relation.references	Darwin, C. (1920). The dynamical motions of charged particles. Philosophical Magazine Series 6. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786440508636066	spa
dc.relation.references	Darwin, C. (1927). The Electron as a Vector Wave. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (116), 227-253. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1927.0134	spa
dc.relation.references	Darwin., C. G. (1928). The Wave Equations of the Electron. Proceedings of the Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1928.0076	spa
dc.relation.references	de Broglie, L. (1924). Researches on the Quantum Theory. Tesis. https://fondationlouisdebroglie.org/LDB-oeuvres/De_Broglie_Kracklauer.pdf	spa
dc.relation.references	Dietterich, S. (2018). Dietterich Labs. Mathematical and physics channel.: https://www.youtube.com/@DietterichLabs	spa
dc.relation.references	Dirac, P. A. (1925). The fundamental equations of quantum mechanics. Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1925.0150	spa
dc.relation.references	Dirac, P. A. (05 de 1926a). Quantum mechanics. Thesis for Ph. D. https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu%3A641	spa
dc.relation.references	Dirac, P. A. (1926b). On the theory of quantum mechanics. Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1926.0133	spa
dc.relation.references	Dirac, P. A. (1927a). The physical interpretation of the quantum dynamics. Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1927.0012	spa
dc.relation.references	Dirac, P. A. (1927b). The quantum theory of the emission and absorption of radiation. Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1927.0039	spa
dc.relation.references	Dirac, P. A. (1928a). The quantum theory of the electron. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1928.0023	spa
dc.relation.references	Dirac, P. A. (1928b). The quantum theory of the Electron. Part II. The Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1928.0056	spa
dc.relation.references	Dirac, P. A. (1930a). A theory of electrons and protons. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1930.0013	spa
dc.relation.references	Dirac, P. A. (1930b). The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. Oxford University Press.	spa
dc.relation.references	Dirac, P. A. (06 de 05 de 1963). Entrevista. (T. S. Kuhn, Entrevistador) https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4575-2	spa
dc.relation.references	Dirac, P. A. (15 de Abril de 1975). The history of the positron. Roma. https://lamediateca.infn.it/mediateca/view.php?v=227	spa
dc.relation.references	Dirac, P. A. (1977). History of twentieth century physics. Recollections of an Exciting era. Tallahassee, Florida: Edited by C. Weiner.	spa
dc.relation.references	Eckart, C. (1926). The Hydrogen Spectrum in the New Quantum Theory. Phys. Rev.(28). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.28.927	spa
dc.relation.references	Einstein,1916. (s.f.). The collected papers of albert einstein-Universidad de princeton. Volume 8: The Berlin Years: Correspondence, 1914-1918 (English translation supplement): https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol8-trans/269	spa
dc.relation.references	Farmelo, G. (2009a). The strangest man. The hidden life of PAUL DIRAC. Basic Books	spa
dc.relation.references	Farmelo, G. (2009b). Did Dirac predict the positron? Contemporary Physics. https://doi.org/10.1080/00107510903217214	spa
dc.relation.references	Feynman, R. P. (1987). The reason for antiparticles. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107590076.002	spa
dc.relation.references	Fock, V. (1926). Zur Schrödingerschen Wellenmechanik. Z. Physik, 242-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01399113	spa
dc.relation.references	Forero, S. M. (2014). Sadi Carnot y la segunda Ley de la Termodinámica. La historia de la ciencia como pedagogía natural. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/81	spa
dc.relation.references	G.F. Bassan, M. Inguscio, T.W. Hilnsct. (1989). The Hydrogen Atom (An Historical Account of Studies of Its Spectrum). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88421-4_1	spa
dc.relation.references	Galili, I. (2008). HISTORY OF PHYSICS AS A TOOL FOR TEACHING. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem	spa
dc.relation.references	Garay, F. R. (2011). Perspectivas de historia y contexto cultural en la enseñanza de las ciencias: Discusiones para los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Ciência & Educação.	spa
dc.relation.references	Garcia, J. (2015). PAUL DIRAC. Parte 2: ¿Cómo llegó Dirac a su ecuación? Aula 141. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BI5udYKvSts	spa
dc.relation.references	GIilbert N. Lewis y Frank H. Spedding. (1933). A Spectroscopic Search for H3 in Concentrated H2. Physical Review. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.43.964	spa
dc.relation.references	Gordon, W. (1928). Paul A.M. Dirac Collection. Letter to Dr. Dirac, January 13, 1928: https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu%3A585359	spa
dc.relation.references	Goudsmit, S. (1971). The discovery of the electron spin. https://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/history/spin/goudsmit.html	spa
dc.relation.references	Goudsmit, Uhlenbeck. (1926). Spinning Electrons and the Structure of Spectra. Nature(117), 264-265. https://doi.org/10.1038/117264a0	spa
dc.relation.references	Heilbron, J. L. (1968). Quantum Historiography and the Archive for History of Quantum Physics. History of Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.1177/007327536800700103	spa
dc.relation.references	Heisenberg. (13 de Febrero de 1928). Letter to Dr. Dirac, February 13, 1928, page 1. https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu%3A585353	spa
dc.relation.references	Heisenberg, W. (1922). Zur Quantentheorie der Linienstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneflekte. Z. Physik (8), 273-297. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01329602	spa
dc.relation.references	Heisenberg, W. (1925). Niels Bohr Library & Archives. Correspondencia de Heisenberg y Goudsmit: https://repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla:285444#page/36/mode/1up	spa
dc.relation.references	Hernández, C. G. (2018). Sobre la importancia de axiomatizar la mecánica newtoniana haciendo uso del formalismo matemático de Von Neumann para la enseñanza de la mecanica cuantica. Bogota: Universidad pedagogica nacional	spa
dc.relation.references	Hoyer, U. (1981). Work on Atomic Physics (1912 - 1917). North Holland.	spa
dc.relation.references	Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Ó. y. (s.f.). Imagen del efecto Zeeman normal y anómalo. https://slideplayer.es/amp/13021847	spa
dc.relation.references	Jagdish, M., & Helmut, R. (1982). The historical development of quantum theory (Vol. 3). Springer.	spa
dc.relation.references	Jammer, M. (1989). The conceptual development of quantum mechanics. Tomash Publishers.	spa
dc.relation.references	Klein, O. (1926). Quantentheorie und funfdimensionale Relativitatstheorie. Zeitschrift für Physik, 895–906. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397481	spa
dc.relation.references	Kragh, H. (1981). The Genesis of Dirac's Relativistic Theory . Springer-Verlag.	spa
dc.relation.references	Kragh, H. (1984). Equation with the many fathers. The Klein-Gordon equation in 1926. American journal of physics, 1024-1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.13782	spa
dc.relation.references	Kragh, H. (1985). The Fine Structure of Hydrogen and the Gross Structure of the Physics Community. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.2307/27757550	spa
dc.relation.references	Kragh, H. (1990). Dirac_ A scientific biography. Cambridge Uaiversity Press.	spa
dc.relation.references	Kragh, H. (1992). A Sense of History: History of Science and the Teaching of Introductory Quantum Theory. Science and education , 349-363. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00430962	spa
dc.relation.references	Kragh, H. (2012). Niels Bohr and the quantum atom. Oxford university press.	spa
dc.relation.references	Lancaster, T., & Blundell, S. (2014). Quantum field theory for the Gifted Amateur. Oxford university press	spa
dc.relation.references	Littlejohn, R. G. (2021). Solutions of the Dirac Equation and Their Properties. University Of California Berkeley: https://bohr.physics.berkeley.edu/classes/221/notes/spdirac.pdf	spa
dc.relation.references	M D’Anna y T Corridoni. (2018). Measuring the Separation of the Sodium D-doubletwith a Michelson Interferometer. European Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/aa8e76	spa
dc.relation.references	M, Massimi. (2005). From the old quantum theory to the new quantum theory: reconsidering Kuhn’s incommensurability. Cambridge University Press, 78-111. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535352.007	spa
dc.relation.references	M. Born, W.Heisenberg ,P.Jordan. (1925). On quantum mechanics II. Z.Phys.(35). http://fisica.ciens.ucv.ve/~svincenz/SQM333.pdf	spa
dc.relation.references	Mascart, M. (1869). Surles spectres ultra-violets. Comptes Rendus 69, 338. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23684#page/344/mode/1up	spa
dc.relation.references	Mesa, J. B. (2011). ESPECTROS ATOMICOS. ATOMO HIDROGENO. Departamento de fisica- UNIVERSIDAD MILITAR NUEVA GRANADA.	spa
dc.relation.references	Michelson, A., & Morley, E. (1887). On a method of making the wavelength of sodium light the actual and practical standard of length. American Journal of Science. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-34.204.427	spa
dc.relation.references	Museum, D. (2023). Tools of cosmology [Imagen]. https://history.aip.org/exhibits/cosmology/tools/pic-spectroscopy-fraunhofer-spectrum.htm	spa
dc.relation.references	Nicholson, J. (1912). The constitution of the solar corona III. Monthly notices of the royal astronomical society, LXXII. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/72.9.729	spa
dc.relation.references	Oppenheimer, J. R. (1927). Letter to Dr. Dirac. https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:585187	spa
dc.relation.references	Orozco, J. C. (2005). ATAJOS Y DESVIACIONES. LOS ESTUDIOS HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICOS Y LA ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS.	spa
dc.relation.references	Physics Forums. (2013). Undergraduate-level explanation of Dirac Equation. https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/undergraduate-level-explanation-of-dirac-equation.695379/	spa
dc.relation.references	Planck, M. (1920). Max Planck nobel lecture . The Genesis and Present State of Development of the Quantum Theory. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1918/planck/lecture/	spa
dc.relation.references	Popa, S. (2023). Physicists measure the electron electric dipole moment to unprecedented precision. Physics World. https://physicsworld.com/a/physicists-measure-the-electron-electric-dipole-moment-to-unprecedented-precision/	spa
dc.relation.references	Prasad, R. (2023). Advanced Physics . Advanced Physics channel .	spa
dc.relation.references	Purcell, E. M., & Ramsey, N. F. (1950). On the Possibility of Electric Dipole Moments for Elementary Particles and Nuclei. PHYSICAL REVIEW JOURNALS ARCHIVE. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.78.807	spa
dc.relation.references	Rajasekaran, G. (2003). The Discovery of Dirac Equation and its Impact on Present-day Physics. Reson, 8, 59-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866760	spa
dc.relation.references	Richter, C. F. (1927). The Hydrogen Atom with a Spinning Electron in Wave Mechanics. National Academy of Sciences. https://www.jstor.org/stable/84949	spa
dc.relation.references	Roorkee, I. (2018). Lecture 25 : Michelson Interferometer and Its Applications - II. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSCSgzhIRbs&t=623s	spa
dc.relation.references	Rosenfeld, L. (1963). Entrevista de Leon Rosenfeld con Thomas Khun. https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4847-1	spa
dc.relation.references	Schrödinger, E. (1926a). Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem. Annalen der Physik, 384, 273-376. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19263840404	spa
dc.relation.references	Schrödinger, E. (1926b). An Undulatory theory of the mechanics of atoms and molecules. Physical Review. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.28.1049	spa
dc.relation.references	Schwartz, M. (2016). Diffraction and resolution. Scholars harvard: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/schwartz/files/lecture19-diffraction.pdf	spa
dc.relation.references	Siegbahn, M. (1916). Relations between the K and L Series of the High-Frequency Spectra. Nature, 676. https://doi.org/10.1038/096676b0	spa
dc.relation.references	Stoney, G. (1871). On the cause of the interrupted spectra of gases. Philosophical Maga, 291-296. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20540925	spa
dc.relation.references	Thomas, L. H. (1926). The Motion of the Spinning Electron. Nature, 117. https://doi.org/10.1038/117514a0	spa
dc.relation.references	Uhlenbeck, G. Goudsmit, S. (1925). Ersetzung der Hypothese vom unmechanischen Zwang durch eine Forderung bezüglich des inneren Verhaltens jedes einzelnen Elektrons. Die Naturwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01558878	spa
dc.relation.references	Universitat wien . (s.f.). Schrödinger, Erwin: Notizen mit der Überschrift "H-Atom, Eigenschwingungen". https://fedora.phaidra.univie.ac.at/fedora/objects/o:164829/methods/bdef:Book/view?language=en#	spa
dc.relation.references	Villatoro, F. (6 de Enero de 2013). La ciencia de la mula francis . Nota dominical: Qué es el espín de una partícula: https://francis.naukas.com/2013/01/06/nota-dominical-que-es-el-espin-de-una-particula/	spa
dc.relation.references	W. Gerlach, O. Stern. (1922). Der experimentelle Nachweis des magnetischen Moments des Silberatoms. Z. Physik 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01329580	spa
dc.relation.references	W. Heisenberg, P. Jordan. (1926). Application of quantum mechanics to the problem of the anomalous Zeeman effect. Zeit. Phys(37), 263-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397100	spa
dc.relation.references	W.Pauli. (1925a). Über den Zusammenhang des Abschlusses der Elektronengruppen im Atom mit der Komplexstruktur der Spektren. 776. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980631	spa
dc.relation.references	W.Pauli. (1925b). Über den Einfluß der Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Elektronenmasse auf den Zeemaneffekt. Zeitschrift für Physik, 373-385. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980592	spa
dc.relation.references	W.Pauli. (1926). ON THE HYDROGEN SPECTRUM FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE NEW QUANTUM MECHANICS. 414. https://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/pauli/H_Spectrum_Pauli.pdf	spa
dc.relation.references	W.Pauli. (1927). Zur Quantenmechanik des magnetischen Elektrons. Z. Physik(43), 601–623. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397326	spa
dc.relation.references	W.Pauli. (1946). Remarks on the History of the Exclusion Principle. Science, 103(2669), 213-215. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1673346	spa
dc.relation.references	Wentzel, V. G. (1926). Die mehrfach periodischen Systeme in der Quanten mechanik. Z. Physik , 80-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397309	spa
dc.relation.references	Wolfgang Fleischer, G. S. (1984). Bound State Solutions of the Klein-Gordon Equation for Strong Potentials. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A, 39, 703-719. https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-1984-0801	spa
dc.relation.references	Zemax. (2021). How to build a spectrometer - theory. https://support.zemax.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500005578762-How-to-build-a-spectrometer-theory	spa
dc.rights.accessrights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.accessrights	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.creativecommons	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.source	reponame:Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional	spa
dc.source	instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacional	spa
dc.subject	Ecuación de Dirac	spa
dc.subject	Estructura fina del hidrógeno	spa
dc.subject	Mecánica cuántica	spa
dc.subject	Relatividad especial	spa
dc.subject	Espín	spa
dc.subject	Electrón	spa
dc.subject.keywords	Dirac equation	eng
dc.subject.keywords	Fine structure of hydrogen	eng
dc.subject.keywords	Quantum mechanics	eng
dc.subject.keywords	Special relativity	eng
dc.subject.keywords	Spin	eng
dc.subject.keywords	Electron	eng
dc.title	Análisis histórico del origen de la ecuación de Dirac, a partir de su relación con la estructura fina del hidrógeno.	spa
dc.title.translated	Historical analysis of the origin of the Dirac equation, based on its relation to the fine structure of hydrogen.	eng
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis	spa
dc.type.coar	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f	eng
dc.type.driver	info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis	eng
dc.type.hasVersion	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.local	Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado	spa