Organismo e organizzazione: sulla dimensione (meta)politica della filosofia cosmica di Maria Montessori.

Abstract

This paper aims to offer the first results of a research, still in progress, on the philosophical dimension of Maria Montessori’s perspective, to broaden the understanding of the assumptions and objectives she set out to achieve through her Method. In particular, the article will be devoted to the exposition and recomposition of the main elements of Montessori’s reflection on the socio-political dimension, during the last thirty years of her life, known as the ‘new horizon’. After exposing the teleological assumptions of the ‘Cosmic Plan’, derived from the rethinking of biological and geological notions, it will be shown that Mon-tessori applies to nature’s ‘unity of method’ both to the process of psychophysical development of the human individual and to the configurations of social organization, orienting both towards ever greater and firmer cohesion. Starting from the discourses on the human creation of a ‘supernature’, which reveals the interdependence between all peoples (indeed, united in a ‘Unique Nation’), the essay will analyse the features of the new morality which, according to Montessori, will mark the ‘new world’ created by the child, normally developed through a free and natural adaptation to the new social conditions, in the context of technological civilization, the ‘new man will recognize the connection with all the beings of ‘creation’ and he will assume his responsibility for the care of fellow human beings and of the whole planet, fulfill the mission the cosmic plan has assigned to humanity.