Implementación de un programa de actividad física al aire libre basado en las motivaciones de adultos mayores entre las edades de 60 a 74 Años de la Parroquia San Pablo.

dc.contributor.advisorCastro Jiménez, Laura Elizabethspa
dc.contributor.authorMonroy Arias, Brayan Estebanspa
dc.contributor.authorTorres Gamboa, Rosa Yuliethspa
dc.contributor.authorMateus Murcia, Hasbleydi Gissethspa
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-17T18:48:26Z
dc.date.available2026-02-17T18:48:26Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractEl envejecimiento de la población en Colombia presenta un desafío creciente para la salud pública. También es relevante que la baja adherencia de las personas mayores a la actividad física en Colombia constituye la singularidad de este fenómeno. En consecuencia, este trabajo buscó analizar la adherencia generada por un programa de actividad física al aire libre formulado a partir de las motivaciones personales, sociales y ambientales relacionadas con los adultos mayores de la Parroquia San Pablo, Bogotá D.C., entre 60 y 74 años de edad. Esta investigación realizó una metodología mixta con un diseño secuencial que combina un enfoque cualitativo y un enfoque cuantitativo centrado en el componente fenomenológico-hermenéutico y el cuantitativo descriptivo-comparativo. El Marco teórico se sustentó en diferentes teorías tales como: La Teoría de la Autodeterminación de Deci & Ryan (1985), de la cual la persistencia en la práctica surge del cumplimiento de las necesidades de autonomía, competencia y relación social; la Hipótesis de Amortiguación del Apoyo Social de Cohen & Wills (1985), que subraya la interacción grupal proporcionando aislamiento emocional; la Teoría de Ampliar y Construir de las Emociones Positivas de Fredrickson (2001), que asigna la función facilitadora a la alegría; el Modelo Socioecológico de Bronfenbrenner (1994), que considera el entorno como un impulsor de estilos de vida activos; el enfoque de Ejercicio en la Naturaleza de Pretty et al. (2007), que enfatiza los efectos positivos de la experiencia en la naturaleza. Durante la primera fase, se identificaron motivaciones como el disfrute, apoyo social, conexión con el entorno y percepción de la salud, para la segunda fase, se diseñó y llevó a cabo el programa comunitario: se concluyeron tres sesiones semanales de noventa minutos, sumando tres direcciones: física, cognitiva y emocional y finalmente, la adherencia se midió con la ayuda de instrumentos validados internacionalmente: Senior Fitness Test, PALMS, MMSE e IPAQ, respaldados por un control sistemático de asistencia. Todos los resultados señalaron mejoras significativas en el estado físico, la motivación intrínseca y el bienestar emocional, con un aumento general en la continuidad de la práctica. Además, las narrativas mostraron cambios positivos en la percepción del ejercicio, el sentido de pertenencia grupal y la autoconfianza. Para concluir, las intervenciones de actividad física al aire libre fundamentados en teorías motivacionales y ecológicas mejoraron la adherencia al ejercicio y la autonomía, promovieron una vejez funcionalmente activa y emocionalmente satisfactoria.spa
dc.description.abstractenglishPopulation aging in Colombia represents a growing challenge for public health, and the low adherence of older adults to physical activity constitutes a distinctive aspect of this phenomenon. Consequently, this study aimed to analyze the adherence generated by an outdoor physical activity program developed from the personal, social, and environmental motivations of older adults aged 60 to 74 years from the Parroquia San Pablo community in Bogotá, D.C. A mixed-methods design with a sequential approach was applied, combining a qualitative and a quantitative phase focused on a phenomenological-hermeneutic and a descriptive-comparative component, respectively. The theoretical framework was based on several key theories: Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), which explains persistence in practice through the fulfillment of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs; the Social Support Buffering Hypothesis (Cohen & Wills, 1985), which highlights group interaction as a source of emotional protection; the Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions (Fredrickson, 2001), which assigns a facilitating function to joy; the Socioecological Model (Bronfenbrenner, 1994), which views the environment as a determinant of active lifestyles; and the Green Exercise Approach (Pretty et al., 2007), which emphasizes the restorative effects of nature experiences. During the first phase, motivations such as enjoyment, social support, connection with the environment, and health perception were identified. In the second phase, a community-based program was designed and implemented, consisting of three weekly ninety-minute sessions integrating physical, cognitive, and emotional dimensions. Finally, adherence was assessed using internationally validated instruments —the Senior Fitness Test (SFT), PALMS, MMSE, and IPAQ— supported by systematic attendance monitoring. The results indicated significant improvements in physical condition, intrinsic motivation, and emotional well-being, with an overall increase in continuity of practice. Furthermore, participants’ narratives revealed positive changes in exercise perception, group belonging, and self-confidence. In conclusion, outdoor physical activity interventions grounded in motivational and ecological theories enhanced exercise adherence and autonomy, promoting a functionally active and emotionally satisfying aging process.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Ciencias del Deporte y la Actividad Físicaspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame: Repositorio Institucional UPNspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/22009
dc.language.isoes
dc.publisherUniversidad Pedagógica Nacionalspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Educación Físicaspa
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Ciencias del Deporte y la Actividad Físicaspa
dc.relation.referencesAbellán, A., Ayala, A., & Rodríguez-Laso, Á. (2019). Functional fitness programs in older adults: Effects on mobility and balance. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 27(3), 1–12.
dc.relation.referencesAjzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
dc.relation.referencesAllen, P. M., & West, A. M. (2023). Revolution or empty promise? A 6- and 12-month follow-up to an RCT of technology-assisted physical activity adherence in older adults. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 18, 2179–2192.
dc.relation.referencesAmerican Heart Association. (2013). Physical activity guidelines for adults and recommendations for older adults. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2(4).
dc.relation.referencesBaert, V., Gorus, E., Mets, T., Geerts, C., & Bautmans, I. (2011). Motivators and barriers for physical activity in the oldest old: A systematic review. Ageing Research Reviews, 10(4), 464–474.
dc.relation.referencesBaltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1990). Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences. Cambridge University Press.
dc.relation.referencesBandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529.
dc.relation.referencesBauman, A. E., Reis, R. S., Sallis, J. F., et al. (2016). Correlates of physical activity. The Lancet, 380(9838), 258–271.
dc.relation.referencesBischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Willett, W. C., Wong, J. B., et al. (2006). Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation. JAMA, 293(18), 2257–2264.
dc.relation.referencesBize, R., Johnson, J. A., & Plotnikoff, R. C. (2007). Physical activity level and health-related quality of life. Preventive Medicine, 45(6), 401–415.
dc.relation.referencesBlumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Doraiswamy, P. M., et al. (2012). Exercise and pharmacotherapy in depression. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74(4), 337–346.
dc.relation.referencesBratman, G., Anderson, C., & Levin, P. (2015). The benefits of nature experience. Landscape and Urban Planning, 138, 41–50.
dc.relation.referencesBronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. En International Encyclopedia of Education (2.ª ed.).
dc.relation.referencesCamargo, D., Olarte, M., & Ríos, J. (2021). Cambios en los niveles de actividad física en adultos mayores. Revista de Salud Pública, 23(1), 45–57.
dc.relation.referencesCapaldi, C., Dopko, R., & Zelenski, J. (2015). Nature connectedness and happiness. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1–15.
dc.relation.referencesCarron, A. V., Hausenblas, H. A., & Mack, D. (1996). Social influence and exercise. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 18(1), 1–16.
dc.relation.referencesCattan, M., White, M., Bond, J., & Learmouth, A. (2005). Preventing social isolation among older people. Ageing & Mental Health, 9(1), 41–67.
dc.relation.referencesCohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357.
dc.relation.referencesColcombe, S., & Kramer, A. F. (2003). Fitness effects on cognition. Psychological Science, 14(2), 125–130.
dc.relation.referencesCraig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., et al. (2003). Reliability of the IPAQ. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(8), 1381–1395.
dc.relation.referencesDANE. (2024). Boletín técnico: Personas mayores. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social.
dc.relation.referencesDeci, E., & Ryan, R. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum.
dc.relation.referencesDeci, E., & Ryan, R. (2000). Self-determination theory. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
dc.relation.referencesDishman, R. K., et al. (2021). Physical activity adherence in older adults. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 49(1), 36–45.
dc.relation.referencesFinlay, J. M., Eshelman, L., & Kobayashi, L. (2021). Outdoor spaces and cognition. Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(3), 459–472.
dc.relation.referencesFolstein, M., Folstein, S., & McHugh, P. (1975). Mini-Mental State Examination. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189–198.
dc.relation.referencesFredrickson, B. (2001). The broaden-and-build theory. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226.
dc.relation.referencesGarcía, L., Ramírez, A., & Rojas, D. (2022). Barreras en adultos mayores. Revista Ciencias de la Salud, 20(2), 145–158.
dc.relation.referencesGill, T., Gahbauer, E., Allore, H., & Han, L. (2002). Frailty transitions. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(4), 418–423.
dc.relation.referencesGilleard, W., & McNaughton, D. (2020). PA and quality of life. Health Psychology Review, 14(3), 231–244.
dc.relation.referencesGómez‐Gómez, E., Torres, V., & Martínez, R. (2022). Intervenciones recreativas. Salud Colectiva, 18, e3895.
dc.relation.referencesGouveia, É. R., Ihle, A., & Kliegel, M. (2022). Outdoor PA in older adults. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 19, 12.
dc.relation.referencesHallal, P. C., Andersen, L. B., Bull, F. C., et al. (2012). Global PA levels. The Lancet, 380(9838), 247–257.
dc.relation.referencesHawley-Hague, H., Horne, M., Skelton, D., & Todd, C. (2013). Older adults' uptake of classes. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 24(1), 119–127.
dc.relation.referencesHedayati, M., Sum, S., Hosseini, S., et al. (2019). Physical games and cognition. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 14, 859–869.
dc.relation.referencesHernández-Villafuerte, K., et al. (2024). Socioeconomic burden in LATAM. FiFarma.
dc.relation.referencesHirvensalo, M., Heikkinen, R., & Lintunen, T. (2017). Social relationships and PA. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 14, 15.
dc.relation.referencesIdler, E., & Benyamini, Y. (1997). Self-rated health and mortality. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38(1), 21–37.
dc.relation.referencesKaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature. Cambridge University Press.
dc.relation.referencesKerr, J., et al. (2012). Weather and PA. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9, 1–15.
dc.relation.referencesKoenig, H. (2012). Religion, spirituality and health. ISRN Psychiatry, 2012, 1–33. Laakso, E., Martikainen, A., & Järvinen, T. (2024). Exercise adherence. Heliyon, 10(5), e34786.
dc.relation.referencesLee, I., & Buchner, D. (2008). Walking and public health. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40, S512–S518.
dc.relation.referencesMacháčková, K., Polanská, H., Steffl, M., et al. (2025). Online exercise program adherence. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 20, 1519–1535.
dc.relation.referencesMajeed, M., Rajpoot, K., & Morris, J. (2023). Facilitators and barriers. Geriatric Nursing, 48, 77–85.
dc.relation.referencesMalkowski, S., Silva, A., & Dwyer, J. (2025). PA in low-resource settings. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 22(1), 115.
dc.relation.referencesMarcus, B., et al. (2000). PA adoption and maintenance. Health Psychology, 19(1), 32–41.
dc.relation.referencesMcMahon, S., et al. (2018). Fear of falling. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 26(2), 323–339.
dc.relation.referencesMinisterio de Salud y Protección Social. (2017). Envejecimiento y salud en Colombia. Molanorouzi, K., Khoo, S., & Morris, T. (2015). Motives for adult participation. BMC Public Health, 15, 66.
dc.relation.referencesMukaka, M. (2012). Guide to correlation. Malawi Medical Journal, 24(3), 69–71. Nelson, M. E., Rejeski, W. J., Blair, S. N., et al. (2007). PA recommendations. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(8), 1435–1445.
dc.relation.referencesNetz, Y. (2019). PA and wellbeing. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 16, 2.
dc.relation.referencesO'Neil-Pirozzi, T. (2022). Motivation in older adults. Frontiers in Aging, 3, 773944.
dc.relation.referencesOrganización Mundial de la Salud. (2020). Guías sobre actividad física y hábitos sedentarios. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240014886
dc.relation.referencesOwen, N., Healy, G., Matthews, C., & Dunstan, D. (2010). Too much sitting. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 38(3), 105–113.
dc.relation.referencesPelletier, L., et al. (1995). Sport Motivation Scale. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 35–53
dc.relation.referencesPetretto, D., Pili, R., Gaviano, L., López, C., & Zuddas, C. (2016). Envejecimiento exitoso. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 51(4), 229–241.
dc.relation.referencesPortegijs, E., Tsai, L., Rantanen, T., & Rantakokko, M. (2015). Life-space and PA. PLoS ONE, 10(8), e0135308.
dc.relation.referencesPoveda-López, S., Montilla-Herrador, J., Gacto-Sánchez, M., et al. (2021). Exercise perceptions in institutionalized adults. Geriatric Nursing, 43, 167–174.
dc.relation.referencesPretty, J., Peacock, J., Sellens, M., & Griffin, M. (2005). Green exercise outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 15(5), 319–337.
dc.relation.referencesPretty, J., Peacock, J., Hine, R., et al. (2007). Green exercise in the UK. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 50(2), 211–231.
dc.relation.referencesRamos, L., Malta, D., Gomes, G., et al. (2017). IPAQ en adultos mayores. Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde, 22(4), 355–364.
dc.relation.referencesRebar, A., Stanton, R., Geard, D., et al. (2015). Exercise and depression. Health Psychology Review, 9(3), 366–378.
dc.relation.referencesRikli, R., & Jones, C. (1999). Functional fitness test. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 7(2), 129–161.
dc.relation.referencesRogers, H., & Morris, T. (2003). PALMS validation. Motivation and Emotion, 27(1), 1–14.
dc.relation.referencesRowe, J., & Kahn, R. (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4), 433–440. Samra, P., Rebar, A., Parkinson, L., et al. (2018). Older adult PA attitudes. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 27(4), 446–451.
dc.relation.referencesScanlan, T., Carpenter, P., Schmidt, G., et al. (1993). Sport commitment model. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 15(1), 1–15.
dc.relation.referencesSchutzer, K., & Graves, B. (2004). Barriers to exercise. Preventive Medicine, 39(5), 1056–1061.
dc.relation.referencesSeidler, R., Bernard, J., Burutolu, T., et al. (2010). Motor control and aging. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(5), 721–733.
dc.relation.referencesSmith, G., & Biddle, S. (2022). Enjoyment in group PA. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 58, 102089.
dc.relation.referencesSun, F., Norman, I., & While, A. (2013). PA in older people. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1–17.
dc.relation.referencesTeixeira, P. J., et al. (2012). PA and self-determination theory. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9, 78
dc.relation.referencesTinetti, M., Richman, D., & Powell, L. (1990). Falls efficacy. Journal of Gerontology, 45(6), P239–P243.
dc.relation.referencesTombaugh, T., & McIntyre, N. (1992). MMSE review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40(9), 922–935.
dc.relation.referencesTrost, S., Owen, N., Bauman, A., et al. (2002). PA correlates. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(12), 1996–2001.
dc.relation.referencesTucker, P., & Gilliland, J. (2007). Season & PA. Public Health, 121(12), 909–922. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2023). Physical Activity Guidelines Midcourse Report.
dc.relation.referencesValdés-Badilla, P., et al. (2019). Physical activity scale validity. Retos, 36, 314–319. Valencia, H., Arango, M., & Martínez, P. (2019). Actividad física al aire libre. Revista de Salud Pública, 21(3), 315–327.
dc.relation.referencesVerghese, J., et al. (2017). Gait disorders in older adults. JAMA, 318(2), 214–224. Voss, M., Nagamatsu, L., Liu-Ambrose, T., & Kramer, A. (2019). Exercise and cognition. Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(5), 1505–1513.
dc.relation.referencesWarburton, D., Nicol, C., & Bredin, S. (2006). Health benefits of PA. CMAJ, 174(6), 801–809.
dc.relation.referencesWilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Harvard University Press.
dc.relation.referencesWorld Health Organization. (2018). Global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030. More active people for a healthier world.
dc.relation.referencesWorld Health Organization. (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour.
dc.relation.referencesZach, S., Bar-Eli, M., Morris, T., & Moore, M. (2012). PALMS exploratory study. Athletic Insight, 4(1), 141–154.
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.creativecommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectActividad física al aire librespa
dc.subjectMotivación intrínsecaspa
dc.subjectAdherencia al ejerciciospa
dc.subjectEnvejecimiento activospa
dc.subjectApoyo socialspa
dc.subject.keywordsOutdoor physical activityeng
dc.subject.keywordsIntrinsic motivationeng
dc.subject.keywordsExercise adherenceeng
dc.subject.keywordsActive agingeng
dc.subject.keywordsSocial supporteng
dc.titleImplementación de un programa de actividad física al aire libre basado en las motivaciones de adultos mayores entre las edades de 60 a 74 Años de la Parroquia San Pablo.spa
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcceng
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.localTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Maestríaspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa

Archivos

Bloque original

Mostrando 1 - 1 de 1
Cargando...
Miniatura
Nombre:
Implementación de un programa..pdf
Tamaño:
1.91 MB
Formato:
Adobe Portable Document Format

Bloque de licencias

Mostrando 1 - 2 de 2
No hay miniatura disponible
Nombre:
license.txt
Tamaño:
1.71 KB
Formato:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Descripción:
No hay miniatura disponible
Nombre:
202534070266743 - 03 DIC 25 BRAYAN, ROSA Y HASBLEYDI.pdf
Tamaño:
970.62 KB
Formato:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Descripción:
Licencia aprobada